Generational differences in active travel: Estimation, decomposition, and policy implications

Amid global efforts to reduce travel-induced emissions, extensive research has explored the impact of urban development on residents’ travel behaviors. Yet, the interplay between urban development and generational shifts in active travel remain less studied. This study addresses the gap by examining generational differences in active travel choices within rapidly evolving socioeconomic environment of Chengdu, China. Utilizing data from 1048 residents surveyed in 2016, we employ structural equation model (SEM) to analyze how socioeconomic status, perceived travel concerns, and residential environment influence commuting patterns across age cohorts. Through standardization and decomposition analysis, we reveal that age cohort not only directly affects mode choice but alters how environmental and socioeconomic factors influence travel decisions. Our decomposition distinguishes between differences in characteristics (lifecycle factors) and behavioral response rates (cohort effects), finding both mechanisms contribute substantially to generational travel differences. Younger adults exhibit higher car dependency than older adults, yet demonstrate potential for increased active travel if provided comparable socioeconomic resources. Residential environment homogeneity, air quality concerns, longer trip durations, and car ownership further constrain active travel. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive strategies that account for the complex interplay between urban development and changing lifestyle dynamics. By aligning built environments with the specific behavioral needs of different cohorts, geographers and planners can effectively foster a broader societal shift toward sustainable transportation.