Yi-Ming Wei, Lan-Cui Liu, Ying Fan, and Gang Wu. 2007. “
The impact of lifestyle on energy use and CO2 emission: An empirical analysis of China’s residents.” Energy Policy, 35, 1, Pp. 247-257.
Publisher's VersionAbstractBased on the application of a Consumer Lifestyle Approach (CLA), this paper quantifies the direct and indirect impact of lifestyle of urban and rural residents on China's energy use and the related CO2 emissions during the period 1999–2002. The results show that approximately 26 per cent of total energy consumption and 30 per cent of CO2 emission every year are a consequence of residents’ lifestyles, and the economic activities to support these demands. For urban residents the indirect impact on energy consumption is 2.44 times greater than the direct impact. Residence; home energy use; food; and education, cultural and recreation services are the most energy-intensive and carbon-emission-intensive activities. For rural residents, the direct impact on energy consumption is 1.86 times that of the indirect, and home energy use; food; education, and cultural recreation services; and personal travel are the most energy-intensive and carbon-emission-intensive activities. This paper provides quantitative evidence for energy conservation and environmental protection focused policies. China's security for energy supply is singled out as a serious issue for government policy-makers, and we suggest that government should harmonize the relationships between stakeholders to determine rational strategies.
Jing Cao. 2007. “
Measuring green productivity growth for China's manufacturing sectors: 1991-2000.” Asian Economic Journal, 21, 4, Pp. 425-251.
Publisher's VersionAbstractOver the past two decades, China has sustained rapid economic growth of 8–10 percent, part of which is attributed to the positive total factor productivity (TFP) growth. However, this extraordinary economic performance has been accompanied by severe environmental pollution and associated health damage. The conventional TFP method is biased in interpreting the progress of technology change because it does not consider non‐marketable residues, such as environmental pollution, and, hence, efficiency improvements in terms of pollution abatement technology and environmentally friendly management are ignored. This bias might direct our attention to less efficient use of environmental friendly abatement technologies or send wrong signals to policy‐makers. To address this issue, the present paper applies a modified welfare‐based green TFP approach, treating environmental damage as non‐desirable (negative) residual output. Therefore, environmental efficiency is taken into account to accurately interpret technological progress from a social welfare point of view. Based on a national time‐series input–output table, historical capital and labor input data for China and sectoral level air pollution emission data from 1991 to 2000, the empirical results suggest that with increasingly stringent environmental regulations, many pollution intensive sectors, such as electricity, primary metal and chemical industries, improved their environmental efficiency in the late 1990s. However, because of the weak environmental regulations in construction and transportation, and in sectors primarily composed of small private or township and village industrial enterprises, firms within these industries contributed to increasing environmental degradation.
Mun S Ho and Dale W Jorgenson. 2007. “
Policies to control air pollution damages.” In Clearing the air: The health and economic damages of air pollution in China,
edited by Mun S Ho and Chris P Nielsen. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Publisher's VersionAbstractAn interdisciplinary, quantitative assessment of the health and economic costs of air pollution in China, and of market-based policies to build environmental protection into economic development.
Mun S Ho and Dale W Jorgenson. 2007. “
Sector allocation of emissions and damage.” In Clearing the air: The health and economic damages of air pollution in China,
edited by Mun S Ho and Chris P Nielsen. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Publisher's VersionAbstractAn interdisciplinary, quantitative assessment of the health and economic costs of air pollution in China, and of market-based policies to build environmental protection into economic development.
Chris P Nielsen and Mun S Ho. 2007. “
Summary for policy.” In Clearing the air: The health and economic damages of air pollution in China,
edited by Mun S Ho and Chris P Nielsen. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Publisher's VersionAbstractAn interdisciplinary, quantitative assessment of the health and economic costs of air pollution in China, and of market-based policies to build environmental protection into economic development.
Chris P Nielsen and Mun S Ho. 2007. “
Summary for research.” In Clearing the air: The health and economic damages of air pollution in China,
edited by Mun S Ho and Chris P Nielsen. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Publisher's VersionAbstractAn interdisciplinary, quantitative assessment of the health and economic costs of air pollution in China, and of market-based policies to build environmental protection into economic development.