@article {90761, title = {Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and daily mortality in Chongqing, China}, journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives}, volume = {111}, year = {2003}, pages = {562-567}, abstract = {In 1995, daily mortality in a district of Chongqing, China, was analyzed from January through
December for associations with daily ambient sulfur dioxide and fine particles (airborne particles
with diameters <= 2.5 μm; PM2.5). The mean concentration of PM2.5 was 147 μg/m3 (maximum,
666 μg/m3), and that of SO2 was 213 μg/m3 (maximum, 571 μg/m3). On average, 9.6 persons
died each day. We used a generalized additive model using robust Poisson regression to estimate
the associations of mean daily SO2 and PM2.5 with daily mortality (on the same day and at lags up
to 5 days) adjusted for trend, season, temperature, humidity, and day of the week. The relative
risk of mortality associated with a 100 μg/m3 increase in mean daily SO2 was highest on the second
lag day [1.04; 95\% confidence interval (CI), 1.00{\textendash}1.09] and the third lag day (1.04; 95\% CI,
0.99{\textendash}1.08). The associations between daily mortality and mean daily PM2.5 were negative and statistically
insignificant on all days. The relative risk of respiratory mortality on the second day after
a 100 μg/m3 increase in mean daily SO2 was 1.11 (95\% CI, 1.02{\textendash}1.22), and that for cardiovascular
mortality was 1.10 (95\% CI, 1.02{\textendash}1.20). The relative risk of cardiovascular mortality on the
third day after a 100 μg/m3 increase in mean daily SO2 was 1.20 (95\% CI, 1.11{\textendash}1.30). The relative
risks of mortality due to cancer and other causes were insignificant on both days. The estimated
effects of mean daily SO2 on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality risk remained after
controlling for PM2.5.}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241445/pdf/ehp0111-000562.pdf}, author = {Venners, Scott A. and Wang, B.Y. and Peng, Z.G. and Xu, Y. and Wang, L.H. and Xu, X.P.} }